Deubiquitinating enzyme MINDY1 is an independent risk factor for the maintenance of stemness and poor prognosis in liver cancer cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To explore the key deubiquitinating enzymes that maintain the stemness of liver cancer stem cells and provide new ideas for targeted liver cancer therapy. Methods: The high-throughput CRISPR screening technology was used to screen the deubiquitinating enzymes that maintain the stemness of liver cancer stem cells. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to analyze gene expression levels. Stemness of liver cancer cells was detected by spheroid-formation and soft agar colony formation assays. Tumor growth in nude mice was detected by subcutaneous tumor-bearing experiments. Bioinformatics and clinical samples were examined for the clinical significance of target genes. Results: MINDY1 was highly expressed in liver cancer stem cells. The expression of stem markers, the self-renewal ability of cells, and the growth of transplanted tumors were significantly reduced and inhibited after knocking out MINDY1, and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression level of MINDY1 was higher in liver cancer tissues than that in adjacent tumors, which was closely related to tumor progression, and its high expression was an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis of liver cancer. Conclusion: The deubiquitinating enzyme MINDY1 promotes stemness in liver cancer cells and is one of the independent predictors of poor prognosis in liver cancer.

The influencing factors of functional somatic discomfort in clinical nurses / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the functional somatic discomfort status, and to analyze the effect of job stress, hostile attribution bias and ego depletion on functional somatic discomfort in clinical nurses. Methods: In May 2019, 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were randomly selected as sampling cities. Using the stratified cluster sampling method, nurses of clinical nursing posts in 22 third class hospitals and 23 second class hospitals were selected as the research objects. The general information, job stress, hostile attribution bias, ego depletion and functional somatic discomfort of clinical nurses were investigated by self-designed general information questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Social Information Processing-attribution Bias Questionnaire, Self-regulatory Fatigue Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15. 1200 clinical nurses included, and a total of 1159 valid questionnaires were collected, the effective rate of questionnaire collection was 96.6%. The t test was used to compare the difference of the functional somatic discomfort scores of clinical nurses with different demographic characteristicst. The influence of job stress, hostile attribution bias and ego depletion on functional somatic discomfort of clinical nurses were analyzed with Bootstrap. Results: The functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses was (8.95±4.38), of which 859 (74.12%) had functional somatic discomfort symptom. The functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses aged 36-50 years old was higher than that of 19-35 years old, the functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses with service age ≥5 years was higher than that of <5 years, the functional somatic discomfort score of non-permanent clinical nurses was higher than that of permanent clinical nurses, the functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses in tertiary hospitals was higher than that of secondary hospitals, the functional somatic discomfort score of clinical nurses in surgical departments were higher than those in non-surgical departments, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Job stress affected functional somatic discomfort through the single mediating role of hostile attribution bias, the single mediating role of ego depletion, and the chain mediating role of hostile attribution bias and ego depletion (β=0.17, 95%CI: 0.10-0.20; β=0.16, 95%CI: 0.10-0.20; β=0.07, 95%CI: 0.03-0.10; P<0.05) . Conclusion: The functional somatic discomfort symptoms of clinical nurses are significant and varied among different age, working age, employment form, hospital grade and department groups. They are affected by work stress directly and through the separate mediating effect of hostile attribution bias and ego depletion, and the chain mediating effect of hostile attribution bias and ego depletion.

Significance of high expression of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and potential intervention of tarditional Chinese medicine based on bioinformatics, molecular docking, and cell experiments / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the expression, prognosis, and clinical significance of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and to study the interaction between the active components of C5orf46 and tarditional Chinese medicine. The ggplot2 package was utilized for differential expression analysis of C5orf46 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues. The survival package was used for survival analysis, univariate regression analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram analysis was used to assess the connection between C5orf46 expression in gastric cancer and overall survival. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was calculated by GSVA package. Coremine database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and PubChem database were used to search the potential components corresponding to C5orf46 gene and tarditional Chinese medicine. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding affinity of potential components to C5orf46. Cell experiments were performed to explore the expression of C5orf46 gene in cells of the blank group, model group, and drug administration groups. As compared with normal tissues, C5orf46 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues, which had more significant predictive effects in the early stages(T2, N0, and M0). The more advanced the tumor node metastasis(TNM) stage, the higher the C5orf46 expression and the lower the probability of survival of patients with gastric cancer. The expression of C5orf46 positively correlated with the helper T cells1 in gastric cancer and the macrophage infiltration level in gastric cancer, and negatively correlated with B cells, central memory T cells, helper T cells 17, and follicular helper T cells. Seven potential components of C5orf46 were obtained, and three active components were obtained after the screening, which matched five tarditional Chinese medicines, namely, Sojae Semen Nigrum, Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Fructus, Silybi Fructus, and Bambusae Concretio Silicea. Molecular docking revealed that sialic acid and adeno-sine monophosphate(AMP) had a good binding ability to C5orf46. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot showed that, as compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of C5orf46 were significantly lower in the drug administration groups. The lowest expression level was found at the concentration of 40 μmol·L~(-1). The results of this study provide ideas for the clinical development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer as well as other cancers.

Repeated stellate ganglion blockade for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia storm in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a new therapeutic option for patients with malignant arrhythmias / 中华心血管病杂志

Objectives: This study sought to describe our institutional experience of repeated percutaneous stellate ganglion blockade (R-SGB) as a treatment option for drug-refractory electrical storm in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Methods: This prospective observational study included 8 consecutive NICM patients who had drug-refractory electrical storm and underwent R-SGB between June 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022. Lidocaine (5 ml, 1%) was injected in the vicinity of the left stellate ganglion under the guidance of ultrasound, once per day for 7 days. Data including clinical characteristics, immediate and long-term outcomes, and procedure related complications were collected. Results: The mean age was (51.5±13.6) years. All patients were male. 5 patients were diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy, 2 patients as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 1 patient as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 37.8%±6.6%. After the treatment of R-SGB, 6 (75%) patients were free of electrical storm. 24 hours Holter monitoring showed significant reduction in ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes from 43.0 (13.3, 276.3) to 1.0 (0.3, 34.0) on the first day following R-SGB (P<0.05) and 0.5 (0.0, 19.3) after whole R-SGB process (P<0.05). There were no procedure-related major complications. The mean follow-up was (4.8±1.1) months, and the median time of recurrent VT was 2 months. Conclusion: Minimally invasive R-SGB is a safe and effective method to treat electrical storm in patients with NICM.

The influence of workplace violence on burnout sense in clinical nurses / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the influence mechanism of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion between effects of workplace violence on burnout sense in clinical nurses. Methods: In May 2019, 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were selected as sampling cities by the method of grabbing random balls. Using the stratified cluster sampling method, nurses in clinical nursing posts in 22 third class hospitals and 23 second class hospitals were selected as the research objects for a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, including 1200 nurses. A total of 1159 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective rate was 96.6%. 1159 clinical nurses were investigated by workplace violence scale, event impact scale, self-regulation fatigue scale and job burnout scale. The items contained in the questionnaire were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis with Harman single factor test, and the demographic characteristics of nurses' workplace violence, invasive thinking, self loss and job burnout were compared and analyzed with s-n-k. Results: Those with less than 3 years of service, those with more than 3 years of aggressive thinking and self loss score, and those with less than 3 years of job burnout score; The score of job burnout of unmarried was lower than that of married; The scores of invasive thinking and self loss of non editors were higher than those of current editors; The scores of workplace violence, aggressive thinking, self loss and job burnout of clinical nurses in tertiary hospitals were higher than those in secondary hospitals; The score of job burnout of undergraduate and above is higher than that of junior college and below; The scores of workplace violence, aggressive thinking and self loss of clinical nurses in surgical departments were higher than those in non-surgical departments; The job burnout score of those aged 36 and above was higher than that of those aged <36, The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05) . Aggressive thinking and self attrition played a mediating role between workplace violence and job burnout. Workplace violence affected job burnout through the single mediating role of aggressive thinking, the single mediating role of self attrition, and the chain mediating role of aggressive thinking self attrition (β=0.16、0.08、0.03, 95%CI: 0.251~0.190、0.121~0.028、0.050~0.012, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Workplace violence affects burnout sense through the independent mediating role of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion and the chain mediating role of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion in clinical nurses.

Analysis of drug use in community empty-nest and non-empty-nest elderly hypertension patients / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the needs of community pharmacy services in elderly hypertensive patients in the community, especially empty-nest elderly patients. Methods Elderly hypertensive patients living in Ouyang street were randomly selected and divided into empty-nest and non-empty-nest groups by cluster random sampling method. The basic information of the respondents, the frequency of hypertension monitoring, the taking of hypertensive drugs, and the taking of other drugs were compared and analyzed. Results In term of “blood pressure monitoring frequency”, the daily pressure measurement of the empty-nest group and the non-empty-nest group accounted for 33.6% and 19.3%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).In term of “the varieties of hypertension drugs” and taking 3 kinds of hypertension drugs at the same times, the empty-nest group accounted for 28.8% and the non-empty-nest group accounted for 16.7%, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05)；In term of “the varieties of drugs” and taking 1-2 kinds of Chinese patent drugs at the same time, the empty-nest group accounted for 39.6% and the non-empty-nest group accounted for 26.0% , and the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05)。Conclusion Community elderly patients with hypertension, especially empty-nest elderly patients have an urgent need for community pharmacy services，Community pharmacy services personnel should provide personalized and targeted medication education and guidance to elderly patients, especially empty-nest elderly patients, to promote the rational drug use in elderly patients.

Association among job burnout, tolerance to uncertainty and working with sickness in clinical nurses / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association among job burnout, tolerance to uncertainty and working with sickness in clinical nurses. METHODS: A total of 1 159 clinical nurses from 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were recruited by stratified cluster sampling method and tested by questionnaires including the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale-14, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12, the Sickness Presenteeism Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-general Survey. Bootstrap was used to analyze the association among perceived stress, tolerance to uncertainty, working with sickness and job burnout. RESULTS: Perceived stress score was(31.4±4.8), and 802(69.2%) of nurses had high perceived stress level. The score of tolerance to uncertainty was(29.8±8.5), and the score of working with sickness score was(5.5±2.0). The job burnout score was(47.9±11.8), and 570(49.2%) nurses had job burnout. Bootstrap test results showed that the perceived stress score positively affected job burnout score [standardized partial regression coefficient(β)=0.30, P<0.01]. Working with sickness score played a regulatory role between perceived stress and job burnout scores(β=0.16, P<0.01), and tolerance to uncertainty score played an intermediary role between perceived stress and job burnout scores(β=0.08, P<0.01). The regulating effect of working with sickness score played a role through the mediation of tolerance to uncertainty score. CONCLUSION: Job burnout was very serious in clinical nurses. Perceived stress can directly or through tolerance to uncertainty affect the job burnout of clinical nurses and is synergistically affected by sickness presenteeism.

Analysis of cognition, attitude and barriers to community pharmaceutical care among family doctor team members in Shanghai suburb / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate the cognition, attitude, and barriers of family doctor team members in chongming district of Shanghai to pharmacists joining the team and providing community pharmaceutical care. To provide the reference resources for the establishment of community pharmaceutical care management mode with appropriate suburban characteristics. Methods In a cross-section study conducted in 2020, an online questionnaire was provided to family doctor teams in 18 townships in Chongming District through group WeChat. Descriptive statistical data were used to analyze the cognition, attitude and barrier of family physician team members to community pharmaceutical care. Results Among the 555 participants in the study, 351 (63.24%) were female, 187 general practitioners (33.69%), 226 nurses (40.72%), and 142 public health physicians (25.59%). There were statistically significant differences in CPC cognition among the three classes of family doctor team members (P<0.05). 126 nurses (51.22%) and 84 public health physicians (68.85%) claimed never heard of CPC. 11.48% public health physicians and 23.58% nurses were familiar with the work content and responsibilities of community clinical pharmacists. General practitioners showed relatively high proportion of 34.76%. 34.22% of general practitioners held a "disagree attitude" against that "community pharmaceutical care can improve the medication efficacy for patients". "Insufficient investment in the health sector" and "insufficient community pharmacists" were the main obstacles to the development of community pharmaceutical care. Conclusion The attitude of family doctors in Chongming area to community pharmaceutical care was conservative. Public healthcare persons and nurses had a low awareness to community pharmaceutical care. The development of community pharmaceutical care was limited by the lack of financial investment and manpower.

The 40-91 aa sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ORF3 protein is the key structural domain controlling its location in cytoplasm / 生物工程学报

ORF3 protein, the single accessory protein encoded by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is related to viral pathogenicity. In order to determine the cytoplasmic location signal of PEDV ORF3, we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids carrying full-length or truncated segments of PEDV DR13 ORF3 protein. When the acquired plasmids were transfected into Vero cells, expression and distribution of the EGFP-fused full-length ORF3 protein and its truncated forms in the cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy. The results showed that ORF3 protein or their truncated forms containing 40-91 aa segment including two transmembrane domains were localized in the cytoplasm, whereas ORF3 truncated peptides without the 40-91 aa segment were distributed in the whole cell (in both cytoplasm and nucleus). This suggests that the 40-91 aa is the key structural domain determining cytoplasmic location of PEDV ORF3 protein. The discovery provides reference for further clarifying intracellular transport and biological function of PEDV ORF3 protein.

Down-regulation of miR-155 inhibits inflammatory response in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with influenza A virus by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Endothelial cells play a key role in the cytokine storm caused by influenza A virus. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is an important regulator in inflammation. Its role in the inflammatory response to influenza A infection, however, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role as well as the underlying mechanism of miR-155 in the cytokine production in influenza A-infected endothelial cells.@*METHODS@#Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were infected with the influenza A virus strain H1N1. The efficiency of H1N1 infection was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and miR-155 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A dual-luciferase reporter assay characterized the interaction between miR-155 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). Changes in the target protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#MiR-155 was elevated in response to the H1N1 infection in HPMECs (24 h post-infection vs. 0 h post-infection, 3.875 ± 0.062 vs. 1.043 ± 0.013, P = 0.001). Over-expression of miR-155 enhanced inflammatory cytokine production (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, all P < 0.05 in regard of cytokine levels) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B in infected HPMECs (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, P = 0.004), and down-regulation of miR-155 had the opposite effect. In addition, S1PR1 was a direct target of miR-155 in the HPMECs. Inhibition of miR-155 enhanced the expression of the S1PR1 protein. Down-regulation of S1PR1 decreased the inhibitory effect of the miR-155 blockade on H1N1-induced cytokine production and nuclear factor kappa B activation in HPMECs.@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-155 maybe modulate influenza A-induced inflammatory response by targeting S1PR1.

Survival analysis of 198 patients with pancreatic cancer in Hainan, China: A multi-institution prospective study

Objective: To explore the survival status and prognostic factors of patients with pancreatic cancer in Hainan. Methods: Clinical data of patients who were diagnosed as pancreatic cancer and visited the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University and Haikou People's Hospital from 2013 to 2017 were collected based on electronic medical records. Basic information was collected by a self-designed questionnaire. Data about admission examinations including blood routine examination, blood biochemistry tests, tumour markers tests, imaging examination and other clinical tests were also collected. The date of follow-up via telephone was 30 June 2018. The survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the logrank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with COX regression model. Results: A total of 198 patients were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier results showed that the overall survival (OS) in 6 months and 1, 2, 3 and 5 years was 47.4%, 26.8%, 16.4%, 13.2%, and 8.7%, respectively. The median OS was 5.8 months. Log-rank test analysis found that there were significant differences in OS among patients with different age, surgery status, distant metastasis or absolute number of neutrophils, percentage of neutrophils, absolute number of lymphocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CA199 and carcino-embryonic antigen (P<0.1). COX multivariate analysis showed that age, surgical presence, presence or absence of distant metastasis and NLR were significantly associated OS (P<0.05). Conclusions: Older age, higher NLR and liver or lung metastasis are independent risk factors, while surgical treatment is an independent protective factor for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Detection of Ancestry Information of Urumqi Mongolians Based on the AIM-InDels Loci Multiplex System / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the genetic background and structure of Urumqi Mongolians, the previously developed 39-AIM-InDels panel for ancestry inference was utilized in the present study. Methods The blood samples of 145 unrelated healthy Urumqi Mongolian individuals were collected and genotyped. The compositions of ancestry information of Urumqi Mongolians were studied with 17 different populations from three continents （East Asia, Europe and Africa） as reference populations. Then, multiple population genetics and bioinformatics analysis methods were applied, the Fst and DA values between matched populations were compared and analyzed, PCA analysis was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The proportions of ancestry information components of Urumqi Mongolians were analyzed with Structure software, etc. Results The ancestry information components of Urumqi Mongolian group in different intercontinental populations accounted for 89%, 7%, and 3% of East Asian, European, and African populations, respectively. Compared with other intercontinental populations, Urumqi Mongolian group and East Asian populations have lower Fst and DA values, and they were in the same cluster in PCA analysis as well. In a phylogenetic tree, the Urumqi Mongolian group was in the same branch as East Asian populations. Conclusion Urumqi Mongolian group had relatively close genetic relationships with East Asian populations, and the proportion of its East Asian ancestry was about 89%.

Exercising the oropharyngeal muscles can help alleviate moderate obstructive sleep apnea among stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy of oropharyngeal muscle exercise for relieving obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) among stroke survivors.Methods Fifty stroke survivors with moderate OSAS were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 25.Both groups were given routine drugs and rehabilitation,while the observation group was additionally provided with oropharyngeal muscle exercises during the daytime for 20 minutes twice a day for6 weeks.The control group received deep breathing therapy.Before and after the 6 weeks of treatment,both groups were evaluated using polysomnography.Their sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the Stanford sleepiness scale.Any changes in the patients' pharyngeal morphology after exercise were evaluated using MRI.Results After the oropharyngeal muscle exercises,the apnea hypoventilation index and minimum SaO2 ％,the snore index and sleep quality improved significantly.Daytime sleepiness was significantly relieved.Some structural remodeling of the pharyngeal airvay was observed by MRI,including significantly larger retropalatal distance and shorter length of the soft palate.The retropalatal distance was positively and correlated with the duration of exercise while the length of soft palate correlated negatively.Conclusion Exercising the oropharyngeal muscles is a promising alternative treatment for stroke survivors with moderate OSAS.It improves the morphology of the oropharynx to relieve obstruction during sleeping.

Effects of blue light on the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in mice by optical coherence tomography angiography / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effects of blue light on the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in mice by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Totally 40 mice were collected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 20 mice in each group,and the experimental mice were raised in the blue light environment from 8 to 16 hours per day,while the controls were reared in normal environment.Then the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in both groups were measured by OCTA before irradiation and one week,two weeks,one month,two months and three months after irradiation,respectively.Results Compared with pre-irradiation,the thickness of corneal epithelium of all regions did not change significantly in both groups at 1 week,2 weeks,and 1 month after irradiation,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with before irradiation,the corneal epithelium thickness of the control group at 2 months and 3 months after irradiation did not change significantly,and there was no significant difference (both P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the corneal epithelium at central,nasal 5 mm,inferior 5 mm,and temporal 5 mm regions in the experimental group were significantly thickened,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Three months after irradiation,compared with the control group,the thickness of corneal epithelium in the central and inner regions of the cornea and nasal 6 mm and temporal 6 mm regions of the experimental group were significantly thickened,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant change in the corneal full thickness between the experimental group and the control group before irradiation and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months,and 3 months after irradiation,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Furthermore,the difference in the extremum value of corneal epithelial thickness,namely the maximum and the minimum,was significantly different in both groups (P ＜ 0.05),but the difference in the extremum value of the full-thickness of the cornea was not significant in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The blue light can change the thickness of corneal epithelium in mice,and the change of the central region is obvious,but the full-thickness of the cornea do not significantly change in a short term.

Effects of benzalkonium bromide and citalopram on the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in mice / 眼科新进展

Objective To explore the effects of benzalkonium bromide and citalopram on the corneal epithelium and corneal thickness of mice using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Together 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (group A,B,C,D and E;n =12),with group A left untreated,group B receiving PBS eye drops,group C given benzalkonium bromide eye drops,group D undergoing intraperitoneal administration of citalopram suspension,and group E treated with combination of benzalkonium bromide eye drops and citalopram suspension.After 2 weeks,OCTA was applied for corneal subarea,followed by measurement of the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea of all mice,and then the mean values were calculated.Results The thickness of corneal epithelium and fullthickness of the cornea was (66 ±7) μm and (141 ± 11) μm in the group A,(66 ± 8) μm and (140 ± 12) μm in the group B and D,(73 ± 10) μm and (141 ± 14) μm in the group C,(76 ± 12) μm and (141 ± 15) μm in the E group,respectively.And there was no significant difference in the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment in the group A,B and D (all P ＞ 0.05),but both variables were markedly thickened in group C and E 2 weeks after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Moreover,the increased levels on the both variables in the group E was higher than those in the group C 2 weeks after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).The average thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in the group C and E were significantly thickened after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The average values of both variables in the group C and E were obviously larger than those in the group A,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Citalopram alone has no significant effects on the corneal thickness by OCTA,whereas both the thickness of corneal epithelium and fullthickness of the cornea tend to thicken by benzalkonium bromide treatment,which has a synergistic effect on corneal thickening with citalopram.

Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in donor selection in xenocorneal transplantation / 眼科新进展

Objeetive To compare the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea among New Zealand rabbits,cats and the human using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) technology as to explore the morphological basis for different animals as experimental models of xenocorneal transplantation.Methods Totally selected 12 New Zealand male rabbits and 12 male cats were included in this study and divided into group A and B.Then the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea of both eyes in the two groups were measured with OCTA technology,and according to the distance from the center of the cornea,the cornea was divided into 17 areas by System software.The center of the cornea was a diameter of 2 mm around the center of the cornea,with the inner ring and outer ring of 5 mm and 6 mm in diameter,respectively;and the inner and outer ring region was again divided into 8 areas,including superior side (S),superior nose side (SN),nasal side (N),inferior nose side (IN),inferior side (I),inferior temporal side (IT),temporal side (T),superior temporal side (ST).Then the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in each region were measured for comparing the difference of New Zealand rabbits' and cats' corneal thickness with the human's.Results The thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea of cats were both thicker than those of rabbits.The full-thickness of the cats' cornea became thinner from the central to the peripheral side,and the difference of thickness between the T5,ST5,S5,SN5,N5 areas and the central of the cornea was statistically significant (all P ＜0.05);the thickness of corneal epithelium in the ST5,S5,SN5 areas was significantly thicker than the central area (all P ＜0.05);And this was true of the rabbits' full-thickness of the cornea,and the difference in the full-thickness of the cornea between the T5,IT5,IN5,N5,T6,N6 area and the central region was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);meanwhile there were also significant difference in the thickness of corneal epithelium between the ST5,S5,SN5,ST6,S6,SN6 areas and the central area (all P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,there were significant differences in the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea between the two experimental animals and humans (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The cornea of cats possesses similar regions in corneal full-thickness and epithelial thickness as well as the distribution to human cornea,so cats have superiority to the rabbits for the potential donor of xenocorneal transplantation in human beings.

Analysis of schistosomiasis endemic status of national surveillance sites in Yunnan Province,2016 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To master the prevalence status of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province in 2016,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy and intervention measures. Methods The schistosomiasis heavy-endemic villages were selected from each of 18 endemic counties as the survey sites. Then,the serological and etiological tests were carried out in the local residents and floating population,and the infection status of the livestock,field feces and Oncomelania hupensis snails were surveyed. Results The serum positive rate of schistosomiasis of local residents was 8.78％and the serum positive rate was 2.26％of floating population. No schistosome eggs were found in the stool examinations in the population. The area with snails was 80.0546 hm2 in 2016 with an increasing rate of 45.47％compared to that in 2015. The average density of living snails was 0.0317/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found for the last four years and no new area with snails was found for the last three years. No positive livestock or feces were found. Conclusions The schistosomiasis epidemic situation is stabilized in Yunnan Province in 2016. However,the area with snails and the number of living snails are increasing,and therefore,the schis-tosomiasis epidemic risk still exists. So,the comprehensive control measures should be strengthened continuously.

Measurement of corneal thickness by optical coherence tomography angiography / 眼科新进展

Objective To analyze the thickness of cornea and corneal epithelium in healthy subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Totally 100 healthy subjects aged between 20 and 30 years were analyzed by OCTA technique.Using AngioVue OCTA system of retinal imaging mode,and using SSADA algorithm for imaging,the cornea and the corneal epithelium in the central corneal diameter range of 9 mm were measured.The differences of corneal and corneal epithelial thickness in different gender regions were compared.Results In the male and female group,the corneal central total thickness were (559.92 ±33.26) μm and(540.06 ±31.63)μm,and the corneal epithelial thickness were(57.78 ±4.88) μm and(56.88 ±4.57) μm,The total central corneal thickness and central corneal epithelial thickness of the male were greater than those of the female,the difference was statistically significant (t =3.06,2.10;all P ＜ 0.05).The cornea of male was the thickest at S5,S7 and SN9,there were significant differences at S5 and S7 compared with female (t =2.93,2.83;all P ＜ 0.05);The female cornea was the thickest at S5,SN7 and SN9,and the difference was significant at S5 compared with male.The cornea of male subjects was the thinnest at IT,which was statistically significant only at IT5 compared with female subjects in the same area (t =2.02,P ＜ 0.05);The cornea of female subjects was the thinnest at T5,IT7 and T9,which was statistically significant only at T5 and T9 compared with male subjects in the same region (t =2.63,2.20;all P ＜ 0.05);There was significant difference in corneal thickness between male and female at ST (t =3.1 1,2.79,2.33;all P ＜ 0.05).The corneal epithelium was the thickest at IT5,I7,and I9,and the lowest at S5,S7 and S9,and there was no significant difference compared with female in the same region (all P ＞ 0.05).The corneal epithelium of female at the IT5,T7,N9 were the thickest,SN5,S7,S9 were the thinnest;Except for M2 and SN5,there was no significant differences in corneal epithelium between male and female groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Corneal central epithelium accounted for the largest percentage of total corneal thickness,and gradually decreased from inside to outside.Conclusion OCTA can be used to measure the thickness of corneal and corneal epithelial regions.

Exploration and Practice of Improving Community Pharmaceutical Care / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To improve community pharmaceutical care so as to promote the rational drug use of community resi-dent and improve the quality of life. METHODS:By analyzing the situation of community pharmaceutical care,the pharmaceutical care of community pharmacists was improved by changing pharmaceutical care mode,actively developing the propaganda of ratio-nal drug use,strengthening retraining of clinical pharmacists. RESULTS:With the help of Hongkou district quality control group, many hospitals of the district signed thepharmaceutical linkage assistance agreement. Through the efforts of Hongkou district quality control group and many hospitals,community pharmaceutical care was improved and the propaganda of rational drug use has achieved certain results. CONCLUSIONS:Through exploration and practice,the pharmaceutical care levels of community phar-macists have been improved and the rational drug use of community residents has been promoted.

Pathomechanisms of podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

Podocyte injury is closely related to proteinuria in the progress of diabetic nephropathy(DN). The pathological characters of podocyte injury mainly refer to the change of podocyte form and function, including foot process effacement, reduction of podocyte number and density, podocyte apoptosis, podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation(EMT)and podocyte hypertrophy. These pathological damages are controlled by multiple signaling pathways in the kidney, such as mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/autophagy pathway, transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 pathway and Notch pathway. For podocyte injuries induced by high glucose or in murine models of DN, some Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)extracts, such as multiglycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW), triptolide(TP), astragaloside IV(AS-IV), astragalus polysaccharide(APS)and Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS), have the protective effects in vivo or in vitro. The preliminary studies in China showed that GTW improves podocyte injury in the DN model rats probably through regulating the activity of mTORC1 signaling pathway in the kidney. Therefore, it is the developmental direction for the further study to clarify the interventional effects of CHM based on podocyte injury-related signaling pathway in DN.